On this post, we provide AHSEC Class 12 History Chapter 13: Rebels And The Raj Notes and important question and answers for the 2025 examination.
After going through this unit you will be able: To trace; why the Sepoy Mutiny is described as the First War of India’s Independence. To know about the role of revolutionary leaders in their areas especially the famous women leader Jhansi Rani Lakshmi Bai. To examine the results and significance of the movement with the causes of the failure. To elaborate, why after this movement British decided to rule over India directly from England through Viceroy.
Part-III Marks: 30
Chapter – 13
MODERN INDIA
REBELS AND THE RAJ: THE REVOLT OF 1857 AND ITS REPRESENTATIONS
Ahsec Class 12 History Chapter 13 Model questions and Answer for 1 mark: (very short type)
1. Where did Konwar Singh lead the rebels during the Revolt of 1857? 1mark (2019)
Ans: Konwar Singh lead the rebels during the Revolt of 1857 in Bihar.
2. Where did the Revolt of 1857 first break out? 1mark (2016, 2014, 2012)
Ans: It was broke out first in Meerut on 10th May.
3. Who was Shah Mahal?1mark (2013)
Ans: A cultivator who mobilized villagers against the British in 1857 in Uttar Pradesh.
4. What was Bell of arms?
Ans: It was a storeroom in which weapons were kept.
5. Who were firangis?
Ans: British were called firangis.
6. Name the major towns of the Rebellion.
Ans: Lucknow, Kanpur and Bareilly.
7. What do you mean by Revolt?
Ans: Revolt a rebellion of people against established authority and power. The terms ‘revolt’ and ‘rebellion’ can be used synonymously.
8. What is the original name of Rani Lakshmi Bai? 1
Ans: Mani Kornica was the original name of Rani Lakshmi Bai.
9. Who was the leader of Kanpur?
Ans: Nana Sahib, the successor of Peshwa Bajirao II.
10. Who was Kunwar Singh?
Ans: Revolutionary leader from Bihar, a local Zamindar.
11. Who was Birjis Qadr?
Ans: Young son of Nawab of Lucknow and revolutionary leader.
12. Who was Gonoo?
Ans: A tribal cultivator of Singhbhum in Chotanagpur, became a rebel leader of the Koltribals of the region.
13. Who was Ahmadullah Shah?
Ans: He led Sepoy Mutiny in Lucknow and the leader of 22 infantry regiment of Indians.
14. Name the British Governor, who take initiation to reform Indian society. 1mark
Ans: Lord William Bentinck.
15. When did the British established laws to abolish customs like sati.
Ans: In 1829 it abolished.
16. “a cherry that will drop into our mouth one day” Who said and to which state? 1mark
Ans: Governor General Lord Dalhousie said to describe Awadh in 1851.
17. In when the Subsidiary Alliance was established over Awadh. 1mark
Ans: In 1801, it was established.
18. By which state annexation, the territorial expansion of British completed. 1mark
Ans: By annexation of Awadh in 1856.
19. What was Summary Settlement and when it passed? 1mark
Ans: The first British revenue settlement, known as the Summary Settlement and it passed in 1856.
20. What was ishtahars?
Ans: It was a notification.
21. Name the British commanders during the revolt of 1857. 1mark
Ans: Campbell, Outram and Havelock were becoming hero after suppression of the rebellion.
22. Which rebellion is known as the First War of Independence? 1mark
Ans: The revolt of 1857 is also called the first war of Independence.
23. Who was the first martyr of the Revolt of 1857? (HS 2024)
Ans:- Mangal Pandey
24. Who was the viceroy of India at the time of India’s Independence? (HS 2024)
Ans:- Lord Mountbatten.
Ahsec Class 12 History Chapter 13 Model questions and Answer for 2 Marks :
1. Name two rebels of Assam hanged by the British in 1858.2marks (2018)
Ans: They were
(i) Maniram Dewan
(ii) PiyaliBaruah
2. Mention two women leaders of the revolt of 1857. 2 marks (2018)
Ans: Women leaders of the revolt of 1857 were-
(i) Rani Lakshmi Bai from Jhansi and
(ii) Begum Hazrat Mahal from Lucknbow.
3. Write two condition of the Subsidiary Alliance. 2marks (2016, 2012)
Ans: Subsidiary Alliance was a system devised by Lord Wellesley in 1798. The condition:
(i) The British would be responsible for protecting their ally from external and internal threats to their power.
(ii) In the territory of the ally, a British armed contingent would be stationed.
4. Two causes for the failure of the Sepoy Mutiny. 2marks (2015)
Ans: The failure of the Sepoy Mutinywas-
(i) Lack of Unity: There was a lack of unity among the leaders of the movement. They were struggle in their regions to fulfill their own demands, no contact with the other area’s leaders.
(ii) British as super power: British already became the mistress of the seas, they had modern weapons, communication system by which revolutionists were easily suppressed by them.
5. Did the religious beliefs influence the rebels of 1857? Give two examples. 2marks (2014)
Ans: Yes. Religious beliefs influenced the rebels.
(i) Indian soldiers opposed to used Enfield Rifle, because the cap of the cartridge was made of cow and pig’s fat, which was not eatable to each Hindu and Muslim sepoy.
(ii) Indian sepoys were asked to go for war in Europe and America, But the Indains had beliefs that if they crossed seas they would lost their religion.
6. Which Governor-Genreral introduced the Subsidary Alliance?Name the four major powers accepting it. 2
Ans: Subsidiary alliance was introduced by Lord Wliesley. Hyderabad, Awadh, Mysore, Tanjore, Surat, etc were the four major powers who accepted it.
7. Give an account on Summary Settlement of 1856. 2
Ans: The first British revenue settlement, known as the Summary Settlement of 1856, was based on the assumption that the taluqdars were interlopers with no permanent stakes in land: they had established their hold over land through force and fraud. The Summary Settlement proceeded to remove the taluqdars wherever possible.
8. Define the word “Firangi”? 2marks
Ans: Firangi, a term of Persian origin, possibly derived from Frank (from which France gets its name), is used in Urdu and Hindi, often in a derogatory sense, to designate foreigners.
9. Which English lady defended herself bravely against the Indian rebels in Kanpur? 2marks
Ans: Miss Wheeler defended herself bravely against the Indian rebels in Kanpur.
10. Who was the last Nawab of Awadh? Where was he sent on Pension? 2marks
Ans: Wajid Ali Shah was last Nawab of Awadh. He was sent to Calcutta on pension.
11. What were the rumours and prophecies of the Revolt of 1857? 2marks
Ans: Rumours and prophecies played a part in moving people to action.
(i) the sepoys who had arrived in Delhi from Meerut had told Bahadur Shah about bullets coated with the fat of cows and pigs and that biting those bullets would corrupt their caste and religion.
(ii) They were referring to the cartridges of the Enfield rifles which had just been given to them.
(iii) The British tried to explain to the sepoys that this was not the case but the rumour that the new cartridges were made with the fat of cows and pigs spread like wildfire across the sepoy of North India.
12. Mention two social reforms introduced by the British in India before the Revolt of 1857. (HS 2024)
Ans:- Before the Revolt of 1857, the British introduced several social reforms in India, two of which were particularly significant:
1. Abolition of Sati (1829):
The practice of Sati, where a widow would immolate herself on her husband’s funeral pyre, was abolished by Lord William Bentinck, the then Governor-General of India. This reform was largely influenced by social reformers like Raja Ram Mohan Roy and was officially enacted through Regulation XVII in 1829.
2. Widow Remarriage Act (1856):
The Hindu Widows’ Remarriage Act, 1856, legalized the remarriage of Hindu widows. This act was a result of efforts by social reformers like Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar and aimed to improve the condition of widows in Hindu society. It was passed during the tenure of Lord Dalhousie, though it came into effect shortly before the Revolt of 1857
Ahsec Class 12 History Chapter 13 Model questions and Answer for 3/4 Marks :
1. Mention four causes of discontentment of the Indian sepoys against the British. 4marks (2015)
Ans: Causes of discontentment of the Indian sepoys against the British were-
(i) The British officers developed a sense of superiority and started treating the sepoys as their racial inferiors, riding roughshod over their sensibilities.
(ii) Abuse and physical violence became common and thus the distance between sepoys and officers grew.
(iii) Trust was replaced by suspicion. The episode of the greased cartridges was a classic example of this.
(iv) Indian sepoys had no promotion, no extra allowances and even no increment in salary.
2. Examine the significance of the Revolt of 1857. 4marks(2014)
Ans: The significance of the Revolt of 1857 was-
(i) The Great Revolt of 1857 is regarded as India’s First War of Independence against the British rule.
(ii) It was the most remarkable single event in the history of India after the establishment of British rule.
(iii) It was the result of the century-old British rule in India. In comparison to the previous uprisings of the Indians, the Great Revolt of 1857 was of a greater dimension with the participation of people from different sections of the society.
(iv) This Revolt was initiated by the sepoys of the company. So it has been commonly termed as ‘SepoyMutiny’. But it was not simply a revolt of the sepoys.
3. What were the policies and administrative causes of the Revolt of 1857? 3marks
Ans: The policies and administrative causes of the Revolt of 1857 were-
(i) Imperialist policy of the British administrators.
(ii) Doctrine of Lapse
(iii) Abolition of pensions and Titles.
(iv) Disrespect to the Mughal Emperor.
(v) Annexation of Awadh
(vi) Misuse of Subsidiary alliance.
4. Give an account on the Relation between the white and Indian officers. 4marks
Ans: The Relation between the white and Indian officers was- (i) Prior to the uprising of 1857, the relationship between the white and Indian officers was cordial-the formerwere well versed in Hindustani, fenced and wrestled with their Indian counterparts and often went outhawking with them, and were thus, disciplinarian and father figure rolled into one.
(ii) In the 1840s, this relationship underwent a drastic change, with the British officers considering their Indiansepoys as racially inferior and riding roughshod over their sensibilities.
5. Write an essay on Subsidiary Alliance. 4marks
Ans: Subsidiary Alliance was a system devised by Lord Wellesley in 1798. Following were the terms and conditions:
(i) The British would be responsible for protecting their ally from external and internal threats to their power.
(ii) In the territory of the ally, a British armed contingent would be stationed.
(iii) The ally would have to provide the resources for maintaining this contingent.
(iv) The ally could enter into agreements with other rulers or engage in warfare only with the permission of the British.
6. Give an account on the political cause for the Revolt of 1857.
Ans: Political Reasons of the Revolt:
Policy of annexation:
(i) Nawab of Awadh had to step down because of charges of mis-governance.
(ii) Heavy taxes were imposed on peasants, artisans, soldiers.
(iii) Lord Dalhousie came to India in 1848 as a Governor General wanted to annex as many as native states through Doctrine of Lapse i.e. Satara, Jhansi, Nagpur.
(iv) Bahadur Shah Zafar a successors of the Mughals will not be recognized as king and asked to vacate the Red Fort.
(v) Dissolution of Nawab and Sindh, Punjab, as a result people who were associated with this system beacme jobless.
(vi) Administration collapsed; due to which the feeling of insecurity arises at the hands of the British.
7. Write a note on the Leaders and followers of the Sepoy Mutiny. 4marks
Ans: Leaders and followers of the Sepoy Mutiny were-
(i) To fight the British, leadership and organisation were required, and for this, they turned towards the Mughal Ruler Bahadur Shah who agreed to be the nominal leader of the rebellion.
(ii) In Kanpur, the sepoys and the people of the town agreed to support Nana Sahib.
(iii) In Jhansi, the Rani was forced to assume the leadership of the uprising.
(iv) Kunwar Singh, a local Zamindar in Arrah in Bihar, too took the leadership.
(v) The local leaders emerged, urging peasants, zamindars, and tribals to revolt eg Shah Mal mobilized the villagers of parganaBarout in Uttar Pradesh; Gonooa, a tribal cultivator of Singhbhum in Chotanagpur, became a rebel leader of the Koltribals of the region.
8. “A very high degree of Hindu Muslim Unity was observed in the 1857 revolt” Explainwith example. 4
Ans: Unity of Hindus and Muslims: A very high degree of Hindu Muslim unity was reflectedin the 1857 Revolt. There was scarcely a man of either faith who did not show unity. AnEnglish man wrote, “. the infanticide Rajput, the bigoted Brahman, the fanaticMussulman and the luxury living, Martha joined together in the cause. Cow killer and thecowworshipper, the pig hater and the pig eater revolted jointly.” Several Hindu rulers acceptedMughal Emperor Bahadur Shah as their leader. Bahadur Shah had many prominentHindu officers, who fought together against the Britishers. In Awadh prominent leaders ofthe revolt belonged to both the communities. Even in Barriley, Uttar Pradesh Britsh spent 50,000 Rs. with the Hindus to instigate against the Muslims but failed.
9. Did the Revolt of 1857 have a popular character? Give reasons in support of youranswer.
Ans: Yes, it was a popular Revolt. Following were the reasons:
(i) Participation by civilians.
(ii) Common Symbol like chapatis and Red Lotus.
(iii) Involvement of several regions
(iv) Hindu-Muslim unity.
(v) Involvement of the local leaders of different part of India.
10. Write about the nature of the revolt of 1857. 4marks
Ans: (i) The revolt was mainly feudal in character carrying with it some nationalist elements.
(ii) The control of Indian administration was passed on to the British Crown by the Government of India Act, 1858.
(iii) The army was carefully reorganised to prevent the recurrence of such an event.
The Revolt of 1857 was an extremely important event in Indian history. It was mere a product of Sepoy but was accumulated grievances of the people against the Company’s administration and of their dislike for the foreign regime.
11. Give an account on the Economic cause of the Rebellion of 1857 and why did Peasants participated in it? 4marks
Ans: Economic Causes:
(i) In rural areas, peasants and zamindars resented the heavy taxes on land and the stringent methods of revenue collection followed by the Company.
(ii)Many among these groups were unable to meet the heavy revenue demands and repay their loans to money lenders, eventually losing the lands that they had held for generations.
(iii) Large numbers of sepoys were drawn from the peasantry and had family ties in villages, so the grievances of the peasants also affected them.
(iv) The economic exploitation by the British and the complete destruction of the traditional economic structure caused widespread resentment among all sections of the people.
12. Write short notes on the immediate cause of the revolt of 1857. 4marks
Ans: Immediate Cause:
(i) The Revolt of 1857 eventually broke out over the incident of greased cartridges.
(ii) A rumour spread that the cartridges of the new Enfield rifles were greased with the fat of cows and pigs.
(iii) Before loading these rifles the sepoys had to bite off the paper on the cartridges.
(iv) Both Hindu and Muslim sepoys refused to use them. Lord Canning tried to make an understanding but it layed among the sepoys.
13. Give an account on the results of the Sepoy Mutiny. 4marks
Ans: Results of the revolt:
(i) The revolt marked the end of the East India Company’s rule in India.
(ii) India now came under the direct rule of the British Crown.
(iii) This was announced by Lord Canning at a Durbar in Allahabad in aproclamation issued on 1 November 1858 in the name of the Queen.
(iv) Thus, Indian administration was taken over by Queen Victoria, which, in effect, meant the British Parliament.
(v) The Governor General’s office was replaced by that of the Viceroy.
(vi) The Revolt of 1857 paved the way for the future struggle for freedom in India.
Ahsec Class 12 History Chapter 13 Model questions and Answer for 5 Marks :
14. What were the measures adopted by the British to suppress the Revolt of 1857? 5marks (2017, 2012)
Ans: Suppression of Revolt of 1857
(i) British imperialism too strong for Revolt with a developing capitalist economy & at theheight of its power the world
(ii) Got supportfrom most of the Indian princes & chiefs poured immense supplies of men, money & arms.
(iii) They spent 50,000 Rs. At Barillcy, Uttar Pradeshto instigate Hindus against the Muslims to broke Hindu-Muslim unity
(iv) Captured Delhi on 20th Sept 1857.captured Delhi after prolonged & bitter fighting. Bahadur Shah taken prisoner, tried & exiled to Rangoon where he died in 1862.
(v) Royal Princes were captured & butchered on the spot.
(vi) British defeated rebel leaders: Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansidied on field of battle on 17 June 1858.Nana Sahib defeated at Kanpur, escaped to Nepal in 1859.
1. Write a note on the Revolt of 1857 in Assam. 5 (2017)
Ans: (i) The Revolt of 1857 is considered as one of the most important event in the history of India and her people. The revolt shook the very foundations of British rule.
(ii) It began with a mutiny of the Indian Sepoys of the Company’s army but soon involved civilians, the peasantry. artisans as well as all sections of the Indian people.
(iii) The Sepoys had substantial grievances regarding their conditions of service, but it was the threat to their religion which actually provoked them into mutiny. The conversion to Christianity worked as a nightmare upon their minds.
(iv) The upsurge of the sepoys was so deep and strong that it attracted the nearly the entire population to join them.
Ultimately the sepoy mutiny turned into a ‘national revolt. Though, it failed it has a great importance in Indian History.
(v) 2. To what extent did the religious beliefs shape the revolt of 1857. 5marks (2016, 2012)
Ans: Yes. The religious beliefs and the activities of the British got suspicious to Indians.
(i) From the beginning of the British rule the missionaries tried to preach Christianity among the people. Gradually, their activities began to grow. The Government permitted the Christian missionaries to come in large number from England to spread the English way of life embracing Christianity.
(ii) To the orthodox Indians, the missionary activities appeared very dangerous. Their service at the time of famine, draught to the people make Indians to be sucpicious.
(iii) A rumour was spread that the British mixed the powder of animal bones with salt only to destroy the religion of the Hindus.
(iv) They established schools at many places. By the help of English education, they began to draw the Indians towards Christianity as best as they could.
(v) Thus, the orthodox and the Brahmins could not like the rule of the British on the ground of religion being polluted by the Christian Missionaries.
3. What were the causes of the failure of the 1857 Revolt? (HS 2024) 5marks
Or
Explain the causes of the failure of the Revolt of 1857. Or”The weaknesses of the Revolt were deeper” Explain why the Revolt failed in spite ofsome patriotic leaders.
Ans: The 1857 Revolt, also known as the Indian Mutiny or the First War of Indian Independence, failed due to a combination of several factors:
1. Lack of Unity and Coordination: The rebellion was largely uncoordinated, with various leaders acting independently. There was no unified command or centralized planning, leading to fragmented and isolated uprisings.
2. Limited Geographical Spread: The revolt was mainly confined to northern and central India. It did not significantly affect the southern and eastern regions, where British control remained strong.
3. Diverse Motivations: Different groups had varied reasons for participating in the revolt. For instance, while sepoys were angered by issues like the greased cartridges, landlords were upset over land policies, and peasants had their grievances. This lack of a common cause diluted the overall impact of the revolt.
4. Superior British Resources and Military Strength: The British had better military organization, training, and weaponry. They also had the ability to bring reinforcements from other parts of the empire, ensuring a consistent supply of troops and resources.
5. Support from Indian Princes and States: Many Indian princes and states did not support the revolt. Some actively sided with the British, fearing loss of their own power and territories. The lack of widespread support from the ruling class weakened the rebellion.
6. Internal Betrayals: There were instances of betrayal among the ranks of the rebels. Some leaders and factions were more interested in personal gains rather than the collective goal of overthrowing British rule, leading to mistrust and infighting.
7. Efficient British Response: The British were quick to respond to the rebellion. They employed a combination of military action and strategic diplomacy to quell the uprising. Their ability to swiftly adapt and counter the rebel actions played a crucial role in their success.
8. Failure to Capture Key Strategic Points: The rebels failed to secure major strategic locations, such as Delhi and Lucknow, for extended periods. The British recapture of these strongholds was a turning point in quelling the rebellion.
The causes of the failure of the revolt were-
(i) Lack of a common cause
(ii) Lack of National consciousness
(iii) Uncoordinated efforts
(iv) Absence of effective Leadership
(v) Lack of Nationwide Dimensions
(vi) Loyalty of Several Rulers to the British
(vii) Lack of Resources
(viii) Lack of Good Generals
(ix) Regular supply of the British forces
(x) The British Supremacy on the sea.
4. Discuss the nature of revolt of 1857. 5marks
Ans: The nature of revolt of 1857 were-
(i) Only a Sepoy mutiny:
(a) The main ground for the uprising had been prepared by the soldiers.
(b) Important and immediate causes of the revolt was the use of greased cartridges.
(c) The revolt did not spread throughout the country.
(d) The revolt did not enjoy the cooperation and support of the common people.
(ii) First war of Independence Lakhs of artisans, farmers and soldiers struggled united against the British rule.
(iii) Hindu and Muslim took actively part in the movement.
(iv) The masses took active part in the struggle against the British at almost all centres of uprisings.
(v) It had country wide presence.
5. What were the social, economic religious and military causes of 1857 revolt? 5marks
Ans: (i) Economic Causes:
(a) Drain of wealth
(b) Destruction of Indian industries, trade & commerce.
(c) Exorbitant rate of land revenue.
(d) Resumption of Inami or rent-free lands.
(e) Unemployment and poverty among the masses.
(ii) Social Causes :
(a) Maltreatment of the Indians.
(b) Interference in the social life of Indians.
(c) Spread of Western Education.
(d) Propagation of Christianity.
(iii) Military Causes:
(a) Unrest among the Indian soldiers. (b) Increase ratio of Indian soldiers.
(c) faulty distribution of troops.
(d) General Service Enlistment Act.
(e) Greased cartridges.
6. How were the lives of forest dwellers transformed in the 16th-17th centuries? 5marks
Ans: Transformation of the life of forest dwellers were-
(i) The British saw forest people as savage impurely and primitive and difficult to govern, so they felt that the forest had to be settled as agricultural land.
(ii) In the 1770s the British followed a brutal policy against them, hunting the Paharias down and killing them then by 1780s. The Paharias chief were given an annual allowance and made responsible for the proper conduct of their man.
(iii) Some Paharia chief refused the complains continued, the Paharias withdraw deep into the mountains carrying on a war with the outsiders.
(iv) The Santhals themselves were powering into area, cleaning forest, cutting down timber, ploughing land and growing rice and cotton, this leads to the paharis for changing of their lifes.
7. Analyse the causes of the unrest against the British rule in India. 5marks
Or
“The revolt of 1857 came as a culmination of popular discontent with British policies and exploitation, “In the light of the statement explain the reasons of discontent ofIndian people before 1857.
Ans:
(i) Ruin of Indian economy
(ii) Wealth drain from India
(iii) Decay of Indian handcrafts
(iv) Dispossession of several Indian rulers from their kingdoms
(v) Discriminatory social policies of the rulers.
(vi) Interference in religious affairs of the people of India
(vii) Low salaries to Indian Military personal as comparedwith their Europeurcounterparts
(viii) Arrogance of the English people.
8. What explains the anger of the Deccan ryots against the moneylenders?
5marks
Ans: The anger of the Deccan ryots against the moneylenders were-
(1) By 1830s prices of agricultural products fell sharply.
(ii) Decline in peasants’ income revenue could rarely be paid without a loan from money lenders.
(iii) Ryots found difficult to pay it back, debt mounted.
(iv) Ryots needed more loan to buy their everyday needs.
(v) Sahukar’s export merchants in Maharashtra stopped long term credit and started demanding repayment of debt.
(vi) Petition after petition, Ryots complained of the injustice of insensitiveness and the violation of custom.
(vii) The Ryots came to see the money lenders as devious and deceitful.
9. What was the system of Subsidiary Alliance? How did it help the Britishers to consolidate their position in India?
5marks
Ans: The Subsidiary Alliance was a Boat of agreement between the British and on Indianruler on the basis of Mutua understanding for performing administrative, military andpolitical function.
Provisions of the Subsidiary Alliance:
(i) The Indian ruler accepting the Alliance would not enter inte alliance with any otherpower.
(ii) Would not declare was against any power without permission of the British.
(iii) World allows the British resident to stay in his state.
(iv) Would acknowledge the Britishers as the paramount power.
(v) Would maintain some British force at his own expense in his state.
(vi) In return for accepting all these condition, the British would protect the Indian rulerfrom internal and external danger.
Advantages of the Subsidiary System to the British:
(i) The British were able to raise army at the expense of the Indian rulers.
(ii) They were able to raise army at the expense of the Indian rulers.
(iii) Successful in checking the French.
(iv) Increased their control without waging war.
(v) Chances of revolts on the part of Indian ruler were minimized.
10. Write a note on Subsidiary Alliance. 5marks
Ans: (i) Subsidiary Alliance was a system introduced by Lord Wellesley in 1798. Those who entered into such analliance with the British had to accept certain terms and conditions.
(ii) The British would be responsible for protecting their ally from external and internal threats to their power.
(iii) In the territory of the ally, a British armed contingent would be stationed.
(iv) The ally would have to provide the resources for maintaining this contingent.
(v) The ally could enter into agreements with other rulers or engage in warfare only with the permission of theBritish.
(vi) The ally had to keep the resident who was the representative of the Governor General and was not underdirect British rule.
11. Why did the Indian think during British period that their religion was in danger? 5marks
Ans: (1) Conservative Indians were angered by the various social reforms initiated by the British. The abolition of sati, legalizing of widow remarriages were regarded as unwanted interference in Indian Social.
(ii) Indian sentiments were also hurt by the Christian Missionaries.
(iii) In 1850, the government passed the Hindu property law under which even after converting to Christianity one could inherit one’s ancestral property.
(iv) The people’s resentment was further fueled by the Maulvis and Brahmins whose cry that their respective religions were in danger cloaked their selfish interests as these classes now lost their former importance.
12. How did the annexation of Oudh to the British Empire affects the Taluqdars there? 6 (HS 2024)
Ans:- The annexation of Oudh (or Awadh) to the British Empire in 1856 had significant impacts on the Taluqdars, the large landowners or feudal lords in the region. Here are the main effects:
1. Loss of Power and Privileges: The annexation resulted in the Taluqdars losing their traditional power and privileges. The British administration sought to reduce their influence by undermining their authority and redistributing land.
2. Confiscation of Estates: Many Taluqdars had their estates confiscated or heavily taxed. The British authorities, viewing the Taluqdars as potential sources of resistance, often dispossessed them of their land, which was redistributed among peasants or smaller landholders.
3. Economic Hardship: The loss of land and power led to economic hardships for the Taluqdars. Without their estates, their sources of income were drastically reduced, leading to financial instability.
4. Administrative Changes: The British implemented new administrative policies that bypassed the traditional feudal system. This included the introduction of a new land revenue system that was often more burdensome for the Taluqdars.
5. Participation in the 1857 Rebellion: The discontent among the Taluqdars due to these changes contributed to their significant role in the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Many Taluqdars actively participated in the uprising against British rule, hoping to regain their lost power and estates.
6. Restoration Post-Rebellion: After the suppression of the 1857 rebellion, the British partially restored some Taluqdars to their estates as part of a strategy to stabilize the region. This was done to secure the loyalty of the Taluqdars and ensure their support for the British administration.
Overall, the annexation of Oudh led to a period of upheaval and transformation for the Taluqdars, with long-term impacts on their socio-economic status and political influence in the region.
Read the following passage and answer the following questions given below:
1. We get significant information from Azamgarh proclamation. 25th Aug, 1857 as to what the rebels wanted.
Section III. Regarding Public servants
It is not a secret thing, that under the British Government, native employed in the civil and military service have little respect. low pay and no manner of influence; and all theposts ol dignity and emolument in both the departments are exclusively bestowed on Englishmen Therefore, all the native in the British service ought to be alive to their religion and interest. and adjuring their loyalty to the English side with the BadshahiGovernment and obtain salaries of 200 and 300 rupees for the present, and be entitled to high post in the future……Section IV-Regarding Artisans. It….. been reduced to beggary. But under the BadshahiGovernment the native artisans will exclusively be employed in the service of the kings, the rajas, and the rich; and this will no doubt ensure their prosperity therefore, these artisans ought to renounce the English Service.
(i) How did the introduction of English affect the artisans? 2marks
Ans: The Artisans were deprived of their employment. The cheap machine-made goods of Britain captured the Indian markets. Consequently, every description of native artisan was reduced to beggary.
(ii) How would the condition of the artisan improve under the Badshahi Government? 2 marks
Ans: Under the Badshahi Government, the native artisans will exclusively be employed in the service of the kings, the rajas and the rich.
(iii) Why were the public servants dissatisfied with the British Government? 2marks
Ans: Under the British government, natives employed in the civil and military service had no respect. Their salaries were low and they had no power or influence.
(iv) What did the rebel proclamation repeatedly appeal for? 2marks
Ans: The rebel proclamation repeatedly appealed that the Indians should take care of their religion and interests and they should take care of their religion and interests and they should side with the Badshahi.
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ACCESS ALL CHAPTER NOTESAdvantages of AHSEC Class 12 History Solutions 2025 by The Treasure Notes:
- Mastery of the Subject: AHSEC Class 12 History Solutions provided by The Treasure Notes help you gain a thorough understanding of the subject, enabling you to master historical concepts and facts.
- Comprehensive Coverage: The solutions are organized chapter-wise, allowing you to clear all your queries systematically and revise the entire syllabus effectively.
- Efficient Homework and Assignment Completion: With these solutions, you can complete your homework and assignments on time, ensuring that you stay on track with your studies.
- Confidence Building: The step-by-step approach provided in the solutions boosts your confidence by making it easier to tackle complex exam questions.
- Strong Foundation: Using The Treasure Notes, you can build a strong foundation in history, which is essential for higher secondary Exam.
FAQs
Are there any chapter-wise solutions and important question answers available for AHSEC Class 12 History 2025?
Yes, chapter-wise solutions and important question answers for AHSEC Class 12 History Notes 2025 are available on The Treasure Notes website. These resources cover every aspect of the topic, including important question answers for exams as well as previous year question answers.
Where can I find the AHSEC Class 12 History-Solved question papers for 2012-2024?
You can find the AHSEC Class 12 History-Solved question papers for 2012-24 on The Treasure Notes educational websites that provide detailed analysis and explanations for all the questions.
Can I download AHSEC Class 12 History notes and question papers in PDF format?
Yes, you can download AHSEC Class 12 History notes and question papers in PDF format from The Treasure Notes online educational platform.
Last Words
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